منابع مشابه
Changes in Tobacco Smoke Exposure following the Institution of a Smoke-Free Policy in the Boston Housing Authority
INTRODUCTION To protect residents from tobacco smoke exposure (TSE), the Boston Housing Authority (BHA) prohibited smoking in BHA-owned apartments beginning in 2012. Our goal was to determine if the smoke-free policy reduced TSE for non-smoking BHA residents. METHODS We compared TSE before the smoke-free policy (2012) and one year later among BHA residents as well as residents of the neighbor...
متن کامل1 1 Smoke Gets in Your Eyes :
This paper provides a critique of the global crusade recently launched by the World Bank and World Health Organization against tobacco, by providing some welfare estimates of the net costs associated from the rise in taxes that is proposed for India, S.Africa, S.Korea, Japan and the European Union. It critically examines conventional studies of the costs-benefits of smoking which besides ignori...
متن کاملReduction of secondhand tobacco smoke in public places following national smoke-free legislation in Uruguay.
BACKGROUND Smoke-free legislation eliminating tobacco smoke in all indoor public places and workplaces is the international standard to protect all people from exposure to secondhand smoke. Uruguay was the first country in the Americas and the first middle-income country in the world to enact a comprehensive smoke-free national legislation in March 2006. OBJECTIVE To compare air nicotine conc...
متن کاملReflections on Abatement Modelling
In environmental economics it is common to add non-negative constraints on abatement, or equivalently to constrain emissions by some maximum unabated level. However, in this paper it is argued that these assumptions are both physically wrong and complicating. Also, more seriously, such constraints can rule out optimal solutions. For instance, negative NOx abatement can be optimal from the socia...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1886
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/034203b0